In November, Chengdu was blessed with golden fall. The second "Radar and Future" Global Summit was successfully held, which is a radar industry event, industry leaders gathered to explore the future development of radar; manufacturers are exhibiting their most advanced products, this exhibition will promote the future development of radar.

With the improvement of modern radar detection accuracy, the radar has put forward higher and higher requirements for the low phase noise of the frequency complex, and it is difficult to meet the demand of high-precision radar by using the crystal oscillator frequency doubling device. In this exhibition, the park enterprise exhibitor Changsha Tianqiong electronic technology company released the domestic first sapphire clock. The clock utilizes the ultra-low loss of the sapphire medium to build a high-energy electromagnetic resonance mode, which gathers high electromagnetic energy and has low loss, so the oscillator constructed has very high stability. 

Time frequency is the highest precision among the seven physical quantities; the current measurement accuracy of atomic clocks is up to the order of 1E-19, which is much higher than the measurement accuracy of other physical quantities. Because of the high precision of frequency measurement, many high-precision measurements are transferred to the frequency domain for measurement; even the definition of physical quantities depends on frequency; for example, the definition of meter: "the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 seconds"; however, in many occasions, accuracy is not as important as precision; atomic clocks depend on the frequency generated by the atomic energy level jump, which is measured at the checkpoint. generated frequency, and this frequency is subject to error during the checking and locking process, resulting in an atomic clock that is less precise but more accurate; a sapphire clock is another type of clock that is not as accurate as an atomic clock but far more precise; each oscillation cycle is similar, and the error in adjacent cycles is extremely small, like throwing a dart; although the dart isn't aimed at the center of the bull's-eye, all of the darts all land in a very small range, and each dart Each dart is the same.

For meteorological radar, due to rely on the signal echo detection, radar frequency synthesis for the signal frequency accuracy requirements are not high, but for the signal frequency precision requirements are very high, and the sapphire clock is such a signal frequency precision is very high products. The use of sapphire clock as a radar frequency synthesis reference, can make the transmitter phase noise spectral density reduction, radar improvement factor, significantly improve the detection performance of meteorological radar.

Sapphire clocks can also be widely used in precision physical measurements, such as high-performance atomic clocks using atomic energy level jump to obtain a stable frequency, however, the atomic clock needs a super-stable microwave source for internal excitation, when the sapphire clock as the source of excitation, due to its super-stable performance will reduce the signal synthesis noise, enhance the stability of the output of the atomic clock.

In the field of quantum computing sapphire clocks can improve the stability of quantum bits, thus improving the efficiency of quantum computing. Traditional computers disconnect and turn on the current to produce a binary bit of information that is expressed by 0 or 1; while quantum computers rely on quantum bits, which are a complex superposition of states, and at the same time may be 1 or 0. The effect is a great increase in the information that can be encoded by the quantum bits, but the trouble with quantum bits is that they are instantaneous and unstable; an extremely stable clock is needed to synchronize multiple quantum devices. The sapphire clock will generate a master clock signal at the same frequency as the quantum bits, enabling the computation of quantum bits.

The future broadband communication develops in the direction of high speed and high bandwidth, and the sapphire clock can be used as the frequency reference of broadband communication, reduce the BER due to frequency jitter, solve the bottleneck technology that restricts the increase of broadband communication rate, and improve the performance of broadband communication. Future instrumentation from high-speed analog-to-digital converters and digital-to-analog converters (ADC/DAC) to radar and basic research applications require signals with better frequency stability and spectral purity. Sapphire clocks provide ultra-stable reference sources for analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversions in signal analyzers, network analyzers, signal sources, and other instruments, dramatically reducing sampling noise, improving signal analysis accuracy and precision, and providing technical assurance for the analysis of high-frequency signals, such as 5G, 6G, and millimeter waves.